Mongolia, a landlocked country rich in mineral resources, is aiming to double its GDP-per-capita to $10,000 by the end of the decade. However, achieving this ambitious goal requires significant investments in the mining and metals sector, which currently contributes a quarter of the country’s GDP and 90% of its exports. In an interview, Mongolia’s Finance Minister Javkhalan Bold acknowledged the importance of foreign investments in exploration, mining, and processing to drive economic growth. This article examines the challenges and opportunities faced by Mongolia in its pursuit of economic prosperity.
The Role of Foreign Investors
Mongolia recognizes the crucial role that foreign investors play in the development of its mining and metals sector. The country’s Finance Minister expressed the government’s willingness to collaborate with international investors, emphasizing the need for mutually beneficial arrangements. However, the success of these partnerships depends on proper governance and transparency, as Mongolia has faced challenges in the past due to mismanagement of its state-owned mining companies.
Oyu Tolgoi, located in the Gobi desert, is one of the world’s largest copper and gold deposits. The Mongolian government has invested heavily in this project, contributing up to $10 billion. To achieve its growth targets, Mongolia aims to secure two or three projects similar in scale to Oyu Tolgoi. This highlights the country’s eagerness to attract further investments and diversify its mining portfolio.
Geopolitical Significance
Situated between China and Russia, Mongolia has gained attention from various governments and companies seeking access to critical metals for the green energy revolution. Tesla CEO Elon Musk is among those interested in securing a supply of these metals. This geopolitical advantage presents a unique opportunity for Mongolia to bolster its mining and metals sector and establish its position in the global green energy transition.
Despite its vast mineral wealth, Mongolia has struggled to capitalize on its resources effectively. Poor governance of state-owned mining companies has resulted in significant debt for the country. However, Mongolia has made progress in resolving outstanding tax issues with mining giant Rio Tinto, a major investor in Oyu Tolgoi. The Finance Minister expressed confidence in reaching agreements without resorting to court processes, indicating a commitment to resolving disputes amicably for future project development.
Inflation and Credit Rating
Mongolia faces inflation, with a November rate of 8.6%, and a benchmark interest rate of 13%. While the Finance Minister does not anticipate a decrease in the policy rate in the near term, he remains optimistic about Mongolia’s credit rating. Mongolia’s current rating stands at B, but Javkhalan Bold believes there is a high likelihood of an upgrade in the future. Improved credit ratings can attract more investors and further stimulate economic growth.
Future Plans and Prospects
The Mongolian government does not have immediate plans for issuing bonds on international markets. Instead, it aims to support corporate issuance from Mongolian companies and explore possibilities for launching Ulaanbaatar’s debut municipal bond. These steps demonstrate the government’s commitment to fostering a favorable business environment and promoting local economic development.
Mongolia’s aspirations to double its GDP-per-capita require significant investments in the mining and metals sector. By actively seeking partnerships with foreign investors and addressing governance challenges, Mongolia can unlock the potential of projects like Oyu Tolgoi. Geopolitically, the country’s strategic location positions it as a valuable player in the global green energy revolution. Overcoming historical obstacles, managing inflation, and improving credit ratings are crucial steps in achieving long-term economic growth. With prudent planning and effective policies, Mongolia can create a sustainable future for its mining and metals sector, driving economic prosperity for its people.
Leave a Reply